[112], In 2013, 2.8million tourists entered Uruguay, of whom 59% came from Argentina and 14% from Brazil, with Chileans, Paraguayans, North Americans and Europeans accounting for most of the remainder.[112]. [36] It appeared that Montevideo would finally fall when an uprising against Rosas, led by Justo Jos de Urquiza, governor of Argentina's Entre Ros Province, began. [32], Gabriel Terra became president in March 1931. The formal coalition ended in November 2002, when the Blancos withdrew their ministers from the cabinet,[32] although the Blancos continued to support the Colorados on most issues. By mid-2015, the Uruguayan bands Rombai and Mrama of the emerging subgenres "cumbia cheta" and "cumbia pop[es]" enjoyed great success all over Latin America even before publishing their first albums; particularly in their home country and in Argentina, where in a given moment they had together nine songs at the Spotify Top Ten ranking. [137], Metropolitan Montevideo is the only large city, with around 1.9million inhabitants, or more than half the country's total population. The number of union members has quadrupled since 2003, rising from 110,000 to more than 400,000 in 2015 for a working population of 1.5 million.According to the International Trade Union Confederation, Uruguay has become the most advanced country in the Americas in terms of respect for "fundamental labour rights, in particular the freedom of association, the right to collective bargaining and the right to strike. The Uruguayan parties received support from warring political factions in neighboring Argentina, which became involved in Uruguayan affairs. It is a word in Guarani that was spoken by the natives of the area. [25] One of the most famous tangos, "La cumparsita" (1917), was written by the Uruguayan composer Gerardo Matos Rodrguez. [116], Carrasco International Airport was initially inaugurated in 1947 and in 2009, Puerta del Sur, the airport owner and operator, with an investment of $165million, commissioned Rafael Violy Architects to expand and modernize the existing facilities with a spacious new passenger terminal to increase capacity and spur commercial growth and tourism in the region. El Pas, the paper of the rival Blanco Party, has the largest circulation. [32], In 1813, the new government in Buenos Aires convened a constituent assembly where Artigas emerged as a champion of federalism, demanding political and economic autonomy for each area, and for the Banda Oriental in particular. [66] Summers are tempered by winds off the Atlantic, and severe cold in winter is unknown. Uruguay is a diverse country full of a variety of cultures, foods, religions, arts, and sports, all coming together to form a unique national identity. The 19th-century painter Juan Manuel Blanes, whose works depict historical events, was the first Uruguayan artist to gain widespread recognition. Serving During: Group by Ward: [152], Uruguay ranks high on standardised tests such as PISA at a regional level, but compares unfavourably to the OECD average, and is also below some countries with similar levels of income. Uruguay, a nation in southeastern South America covers an area of 176,000 square km and is the continents second smallest nation. The military government persecuted leftists, socialists, and political opponents, resulting in deaths and numerous instances of torture by the military; the military relinquished power to a civilian government in 1985. WebUruguayans ( Spanish: uruguayos) are people identified with the country of Uruguay, through citizenship or descent. [73] Uruguay is a unitary state: justice, education, health, security, foreign policy and defense are all administered nationwide. [35] Rivera declared war on Rosas in 1839. Uruguay has about 1,200km (750mi) of operational railroad track. Though 90% of [134], From 1963 to 1985, an estimated 320,000 Uruguayans emigrated. [170] In 2010, the Uruguayan government enacted measures intended to retain players in the country. Uruguay is a unitary state: justice, education, health, security, foreign policy and defense are all administered nationwide. [101] Unemployment reached a record low of 5.4% in December 2010 before rising to 6.1% in January 2011. [53], Following the 2001 Argentine credit default, prices in the Uruguayan economy made a variety of services, including information technology and architectural expertise, once too expensive in many foreign markets, exportable. Uruguay is the second-smallest country in South America, wedged between Argentina and Brazil. Located in the southern part of the country, on the northeastern shore of the Rio de la Plata estuary is, Montevideo - the capital, the largest and the most populous city of Uruguay. In 2004, the Uruguayan musician and actor Jorge Drexler won an Academy Award for composing the song "Al otro lado del ro" from the movie The Motorcycle Diaries, which narrated the life of Che Guevara. [33], In 1816, a force of 10,000 Portuguese troops invaded the Banda Oriental from Brazil; they took Montevideo in January 1817. The major internal river is the Ro Negro ('Black River'). Since its independence, the country has been known as "Repblica Oriental del Uruguay", which literally translates to "Republic East of the Uruguay [River]". An armed group, known as the Tupamaros emerged in the 1960s, engaging in activities such as bank robbery, kidnapping and assassination, in addition to attempting an overthrow of the government. [32] In December 2010, Uruguayan Major General Gloodtdofsky, was appointed Chief Military Observer and head of the United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan. There were confrontations in which police and leftists died. [115] The port of Nueva Palmira is a major regional merchandise transfer point and houses both private and government-run terminals. A quarter of the population is less than 15 years old and about a sixth are aged 60 and older. [33] After nearly four more years of struggle, the Portuguese Kingdom of Brazil annexed the Banda Oriental as a province under the name of "Cisplatina". Na severovchod soused s Brazli (dlka hranice je 985 km) a na zpad s Argentinou (579 km). [121] However, rail passenger commuter service into Montevideo was restarted in 1993, and now comprises three suburban lines. Montevideo, the country's capital, houses the most diverse selection of cultural activities. WebUruguay is a representative democratic republic with a presidential system. Their efforts proved ineffective and, by 1849, tired of the war, both withdrew after signing a treaty favorable to Rosas. According to one source, around 180 Uruguayans are known to have been killed and disappeared, with thousands more illegally detained and tortured during the 12-year civil-military rule of 1973 to 1985. He was elected President of the Neurological Society of India (1956), 21 vice-president of the WFN (1969-1973), and president of the World Congress of Neurology in New Delhi, 1989. The members of the Supreme Court are elected by the General Assembly; the members of the Bench are selected by the Supreme Court with the consent of the Senate, and the Judges are directly assigned by the Supreme Court. A 2010 Latinobarmetro poll found that, within Latin America, Uruguayans are among the most supportive of democracy and by far the most satisfied with the way democracy works in their country. Mit 176.215 Quadratkilometern Flche (davon rund 2.600 Quadratkilometer Wasserflche) ist es etwa halb so gro wie Deutschland. Their names and assignments are listed below. Pressure groups (consisting mainly of businessmen, hacendados, and industrialists) were organized and had a strong influence on government. Drawing on Switzerland and its use of the initiative, the Uruguayan Constitution also allows citizens to repeal laws or to change the constitution by popular initiative, which culminates in a nationwide referendum. The first Sanguinetti administration implemented economic reforms and consolidated democracy following the country's years under military rule.[32]. In 1811, Jos Gervasio Artigas, who became Uruguay's national hero, launched a successful revolt against the Spanish authorities, defeating them on 18 May at the Battle of Las Piedras. [119][120], The Punta del Este International Airport, located 15 kilometres (9.3mi) from Punta del Este in the Maldonado Department, is the second busiest air terminal in Uruguay, built by the Uruguayan architect Carlos Ott it was inaugurated in 1997.[116]. Contents 1 Native 2 Colonization 3 Struggle for independence, 18111828 [103] Gross public sector debt contracted in the second quarter of 2010, after five consecutive periods of sustained increase, reaching $21.885billion US dollars, equivalent to 59.5% of the GDP. It has a South Atlantic Ocean coastline and lies between Argentina to the west and Brazil to the north. 30.1% reported believing in a god, but not belonging to any religion, while 14% were atheist or agnostic. [96][needs update], In 2004, the Batlle government signed a three-year $1.1billion stand-by arrangement with the International Monetary Fund (IMF), committing the country to a substantial primary fiscal surplus, low inflation, considerable reductions in external debt, and several structural reforms designed to improve competitiveness and attract foreign investment. With a peak of 50,000 during the mid-1960s, Uruguay has the world's highest rate of aliyah as a percentage of the Jewish population. The Spanish founded Montevideo as a military stronghold in the early 18th century because of the competing claims over the region. [19][20] The name could also refer to a river snail called urugu (Pomella megastoma) that was plentiful across its shores. [85] The ensuing dispute remained a subject of controversy into 2010, particularly after ongoing reports of increased water contamination in the area were later proven to be from sewage discharge from the town of Gualeguaych in Argentina. Besides football, the most popular sport in Uruguay is basketball. [146] In 1837 civil marriage was recognized, and in 1861 the state took over the running of public cemeteries. To the southwest is the Ro de la Plata, the estuary of the Uruguay River (which river forms the country's western border). More than 97%[127] of Uruguay's electricity comes from renewable energy. [111], In 2007, Uruguay had cattle herds totalling 12million head, making it the country with the highest number of cattle per capita at 3.8. [43] The following year, the Blancos led a rural revolt and eight bloody months of fighting ensued before their leader, Aparicio Saravia, was killed in battle. Casapueblo is a "livable sculpture" and draws thousands of visitors from around the world. [74][75] Many of its provisions were suspended in 1973, but re-established in 1985. In statements, the Uruguayan government indicated its firm commitment to the Middle East peace process, but refused to specify borders "to avoid interfering in an issue that would require a bilateral agreement". [76], For most of Uruguay's history, the Partido Colorado has been in government. This page was last edited on 17 January 2023, at 17:27. [143], Political observers consider Uruguay the most secular country in the Americas. [25] There are also important communities of Japanese. [35] The political scene in Uruguay became split between two parties: the conservative Blancos (Whites) headed by the second President Manuel Oribe, representing the agricultural interests of the countryside; and the liberal Colorados (Reds) led by the first President Fructuoso Rivera, representing the business interests of Montevideo. [43] Batlle had two terms (190307 and 191115) during which, taking advantage of the nation's stability and growing economic prosperity, he instituted major reforms, such as a welfare program, government participation in many facets of the economy, and a plural executive. Uruguay extendi la emergencia agropecuaria hasta fines de abril y agreg ms rubros productivos La medida incluye prstamos blandos, aplazamientos de impuestos y rebaja en tarifas de servicios Overland trade has increased markedly since Mercosur (Southern Common Market) was formed in the 1990s and again in the later 2000s. [33] Once the troops from Buenos Aires had withdrawn, the Banda Oriental appointed its first autonomous government. [52], In 2010, Uruguay's export-oriented agricultural sector contributed to 9.3% of the GDP and employed 13% of the workforce. [25] Early classical music in Uruguay showed heavy Spanish and Italian influence, but since the 20th century a number of composers of classical music, including Eduardo Fabini, Vicente Ascone[es], and Hctor Tosar, have made use of Latin American musical idioms. WebThe economy of Uruguay features an export-oriented agricultural sector and a well-educated workforce, along with high levels of social spending. Uruguay is home to the Uruguayan savanna terrestrial ecoregion. WebUruguay. The average annual temperature of the country is 17.5C (63.5F), ranging from 16C (61F) in the southeast to 19C (66F) in the northwest. [42] The economy reflected a steep upswing (if demonstrated graphically, above all other related economic determinants), in livestock raising and exports. He was president of the Uruguay Montevideo West. Progressive, stable, safe and culturally sophisticated, Uruguay offers visitors opportunities to experience everyday not made for tourists moments, whether According to the Economist Intelligence Unit in 2012, Uruguay scored an 8.17 in the Democracy Index and ranked equal 18th amongst the 25 countries considered to be full democracies in the world. [81] Uruguay ranks 21st as least corrupt in the World Corruption Perceptions Index composed by Transparency International. Uruguay is a country in South America. [52] Low commodity prices and economic difficulties in Uruguay's main export markets (starting in Brazil with the devaluation of the real, then in Argentina in 2002), caused a severe recession; the economy contracted by 11%, unemployment climbed to 21%, and the percentage of Uruguayans in poverty rose to over 30%. Blancos were given of seats in Congress. Maintain high level of inventory accuracy in high-volume automotive. Please let us know how we can help. [150] [24], Since May 2009, homosexuals have been allowed to serve in the military after the defense minister signed a decree stating that military recruitment policy would no longer discriminate on the basis of sexual orientation. The Administracin de Ferrocarriles del Estado is the autonomous agency in charge of rail transport and the maintenance of the railroad network. [25] The tradition of the gaucho has been an important element in the art and folklore of both Uruguay and Argentina. Most farms (25,500 out of 39,120) are family-managed; beef and wool represent the main activities and main source of income for 65% of them, followed by vegetable farming at 12%, dairy farming at 11%, hogs at 2%, and poultry also at 2%. Je to druh nejmen jihoamerick stt; men je jen Surinam (jet men je sice Francouzsk Guyana, ale ta nen suvernnm sttem, nbr zmoskm zemm Francie). Folk music is called canto popular and includes some guitar players and singers such as Alfredo Zitarrosa, Jos Carbajal "El Sabalero", Daniel Viglietti, Los Olimareos, and Numa Moraes. The system is government owned, and there have been controversial proposals to partially privatize since the 1990s.[126]. [62], With 176,214km2 (68,037sqmi) of continental land and 142,199km2 (54,903sqmi) of jurisdictional water and small river islands,[63] Uruguay is the second smallest sovereign nation in South America (after Suriname) and the third smallest territory (French Guiana is the smallest). [25] Bsqueda is Uruguay's most important weekly news magazine and serves as an important forum for political and economic analysis. [66] These storms can be strong; they can bring squalls, hail, and sometimes even tornadoes. In September 2019, the previous left-wing government of Uruguay had withdrawn from TIAR as a response to the very critical view of Venezuela the other members of the regional defense agreement had. Very little is known about the people who built them as they left no written record, but evidence has been found of agriculture and domesticated dogs. One of the effects of this high level of unionization was to reduce socio-economic inequalities. Uruguay is divided into 19 departments whose local administrations replicate the division of the executive and legislative powers. [53] The United States and Uruguay have also cooperated on military matters, with both countries playing significant roles in the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti. Keith M. Dunford, 61, and Lori B. Dunford, eight children, Snowflake 9th Ward, Snowflake Arizona Stake: Uruguay Montevideo West Mission, succeeding President Ryan K. Olsen and Sister Julie Olsen. 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